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This collection of essays pays tribute to Nancy Freeman Regalado, a ground-breaking scholar in the field of medieval French literature whose research has always pushed beyond disciplinary boundaries. The articles in the volume reflect the depth and diversity of her scholarship, as well as her collaborations with literary critics, philologists, historians, art historians, musicologists, and vocalists - in France, England, and the United States. Inspired by her most recent work, these twenty-four essays are tied together by a single question, rich in ramifications: how does performance shape our understanding of medieval and pre-modern literature and culture, whether the nature of that performance is visual, linguistic, theatrical, musical, religious, didactic, socio-political, or editorial? The studies presented here invite us to look afresh at the interrelationship of audience, author, text, and artifact, to imagine new ways of conceptualizing the creation, transmission, and reception of medieval literature, music, and art.
EGLAL DOSS-QUINBY is Professor of French at Smith College; ROBERTA L. KRUEGER is Professor of French at Hamilton College; E. JANE BURNS is Professor of Women's Studies and Adjunct Professor of Comparative Literature at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
Contributors: ANNE AZÉMA, RENATE BLUMENFELD-KOSINSKI, CYNTHIA J. BROWN, ELIZABETH A. R. BROWN, MATILDA TOMARYN BRUCKNER, E. JANE BURNS, ARDIS BUTTERFIELD, KIMBERLEE CAMPBELL, ROBERT L. A. CLARK, MARK CRUSE, KATHRYN A. DUYS, ELIZABETH EMERY, SYLVIA HUOT, MARILYN LAWRENCE, KATHLEEN A. LOYSEN, LAURIE POSTLEWATE, EDWARD H. ROESNER, SAMUEL N. ROSENBERG, LUCY FREEMAN SANDLER, PAMELA SHEINGORN, HELEN SOLTERER, JANE H. M. TAYLOR, EVELYN BIRGE VITZ, LORI J. WALTERS, AND MICHEL ZINK.
By
Alan D. Michelson, Center for Platelet Function Studies and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, USA,
Marc R. Barnard, Center for Platelet Function Studies and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, USA,
Lori A. Krueger, Center for Platelet Function Studies and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, USA,
A. L. Frelinger III, Center for Platelet Function Studies and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, USA,
Mark I. Furman, Center for Platelet Function Studies and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, USA
This chapter will review the use of flow cytometry for the detection of circulating activated platelets and the analysis of many other aspects of platelet function. Flow cytometry rapidly measures the specific characteristics of a large number of individual cells. Before flow cytometric analysis, cells in suspension are fluorescently labelled, typically with a fluorescently conjugated monoclonal antibody. In the flow cytometer, the suspended cells pass through a flow chamber and, at a rate of 1000–10000 cells per minute, through the focused beam of a laser. After fluorescent activation of the fluorophore at the excitation wavelength, a detector processes the emitted fluorescence and light scattering properties of each cell. (Ref. provides a very readable overview of the principles of flow cytometry.)
In the absence of an added exogenous platelet agonist, whole blood flow cytometry can determine the activation state of circulating platelets, as judged by the binding of an activation-dependent monoclonal antibody. In addition to this assessment of platelet function in vivo, inclusion of an exogenous agonist in the assay enables analysis of the reactivity of circulating platelets in vitro. In the latter application, whole blood flow cytometry is a physiological assay of platelet function in that an agonist results in a specific functional response by the platelets: a change in the surface expression of a physiological receptor (or other antigen or bound ligand), as determined by a change in the binding of a monoclonal antibody.
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